Innovations in Molecular Biotechnology

ABSTRACT

This paper demonstrated the various aspects of treating endometrial cancer (EC), with a focus on its genomic and molecular intricacies. It starts by outlining the epidemiology, risk factors, and classification of the disease, differentiating between Type I and Type II EC. Genetic changes, particularly mutations in genes like PTEN, TP53, and KRAS, play a significant role in the progression of the disease and help guide treatment decisions. Precision medicine, tailored to a patient's genomic profile, is becoming more important to identify targeted therapies and predict treatment responses. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, notably immune therapy, is emerging as a promising treatment option for specific EC subtypes. Hormone therapy is explored for its mechanisms of action, particularly for estrogen receptor-positive cancers. To refine therapeutic strategies, resistance mechanisms, both genomic and adaptive, require exploration. Emerging biomarkers, such as liquid biopsies, offer dynamic disease monitoring capabilities. By integrating multiple treatment modalities, including surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, patient outcomes can be enhanced. Ongoing research, particularly in areas like CRISPR-Cas9 and CAR-T cell therapy, promises transformative impacts. Challenges encompass drug resistance, side effects, and equitable access to genomic testing and targeted therapies. A patient-centric approach that emphasizes shared decision-making and robust supportive care is essential. Ethical considerations regarding patient privacy and data sharing in the genomic era are crucial. Overall, the review navigates the complex treatment landscape of EC, unraveling its genomic basis, and highlighting future research and clinical practice prospects.

KEYWORDS

1. Endometrial cancer
2. Hormone therapy
3. Liquid biopsies
4. CRISPR-Cas9
5. CAR-T cell therapy
6. Drug resistance